If there is been 1 immutable rule throughout American tv background, it has been local news. Pretty much from the moment the station initial signed on air, they started carrying area news wherever sporting activities usually played A serious role. A lack of regular programming resources in these early decades led numerous stations to turn to athletics to fill their broadcasting schedules. The big apple's WNBT tv signed on to broadcast in July 1941, and its first broadcast was an experienced baseball video game ("NBC Record", 2003). When developing neighborhood newscasts to match their viewers, these stations commonly bundled sporting activities and weather. For instance, in 1961 WKMG started out its 1st whole-time information Section in Orlando. Newscasts include things like Frank Vaught's sporting activities experiences ("The history of," 2003).
Sports have held a dominant position in local news broadcasting for several years, but recent industry trends have called into question this posture. Segmented audiences, switching demographics, and declining information profitability have pressured the station to reexamine its regional sports activities segment. “Sports is amongst the final regions of TV where people do matters how they constantly have,” states television govt Elliott Wiser. “(Nowadays) a whole new strategy is needed” (Deggans, 2000).
Trouble for Community Television News
미국인들에게 뉴스의 주요 제공자로서 텔레비전의 패권을 위협하는 몇 가지 요인이 결합되었습니다. Challenge for Excellence in Journalism(2002)에서 수행한 연구에 따르면 텔레비전 뉴스 방송이 시청자를 잃고 있습니다. 1998년에는 방송국의 two/3가 지역 뉴스 방송 시청률이 감소했다고 보고했습니다. 2002년까지 그 수치는 seventy six%로 증가했습니다. 2001년 9월 테러 이후에도 지역 뉴스 시청률은 7% 떨어졌다.
인터넷, 케이블 채널 및 가정용 위성과 같은 미디어 소스의 출현은 시청자에게 뉴스 대안을 제공했습니다. Radio and tv News Director’s Affiliation(“Modifying channels”, 1996)의 연구에 따르면, “대중의 상당 부분이 정기적으로 다른 다양한 소스에 귀를 기울입니다.”
점점 더 많은 방송국이 대형 미디어 회사에 의해 통제됨에 따라 지역 텔레비전 뉴스도 수익 지향적이 되었습니다. 예를 들어, 2002년 첫 몇 주 동안 세 개의 방송국 그룹은 자회사 방송국에서 지역 뉴스를 완전히 제거하기로 결정했습니다(Trigoboff, 2002). TV 뉴스 컨설턴트인 짐 윌리는 "대혁명이 일어날 것 같다"고 말했다. "같은 시장에서 동시에 four~5개의 뉴스 방송을 해야 합니까?" (Trigoboff, 2002).
Trouble for Regional TV Sporting activities
None of this is Great news to the local tv sports sector, and that is more and more less than scrutiny from station execs. Even with its traditional presence within regional newscasts, sports have prolonged been considered a "tuning" issue. According to a survey via the Radio and Television Information Administrators Foundation, only 31% of viewers explained they were 'really fascinated' in sports and 32% have been 'somewhat interested' ("Journalism and Ethics", 1998). This compares to seventy two% who expressed interest while in the temperature. "Sports are really polarizing." reported television news specialist Brent Magid. “The bulk can accept, leave, or despise” (Greppi, 2002).
Scientific tests have revealed that Ladies are much a lot less interested in sports activities than Gentlemen (Gantz and Wenner, 1991; Perse, 1992), and a lot of stations have acted accordingly. In 2000, Tampa's WTSP dropped the sport from its early evening newscasts. In accordance with station information director Jim Church, "Telling a Tale when not a soul is listening is not a great utilization of air time" (Deggans, 2000).
Some stations have eradicated the sport, while others have diminished their allotted time. Depending upon the day of the week (weekends have much more sports activities time), sports activities segments have usually acquired amongst 3 and five minutes of regional information coverage. Now that amount is down to about a minute. In 2002, Pittsburgh's KDKA cut the time for sports by just a few in addition to a 50 % minutes for 3 hrs of reports. Other individuals inside the market have implemented new approaches, such as sporting activities tales that emphasis a lot more on folks than scores or cater to your wider news viewers. "What we are wanting to do now is treat sporting activities as news," says KDKA information director Al Blinke. “We wish to do one thing beyond sporting activities” (Finder, 2002).
Discussion
스포츠 부문에서 일어나고 있는 변화는 시간 할당보다 콘텐츠, 스타일 및 프레젠테이션과 더 관련이 있습니다. 아마도 시청자에게 모든 스포츠 네트워크와 대조되는 것을 제공하기 위한 노력의 일환으로, 지역 TV 스포츠는 지역 이야기, 운동 선수 및 이벤트에 더 초점을 맞추고 있으며 일반 스포츠 팬을 위해 보다 기능 지향적이고 시청자 친화적인 보도를 만들고 있습니다. 전형적인 반응은 Midwest의 뉴스 디렉터가 “우리는 스포츠가 비스포츠 팬들에게 흥미로웠으면 합니다. 여기서 스포츠는 뉴스이고 커뮤니티입니다. 많은 케이블 스포츠 채널이 제공하는 것과는 반대로 시청자에게 지역 정보를 제공하십시오. 우리만이 현지에 갈 수 있습니다. 그들은 할 수 없습니다.”
지역 텔레비전 스포츠의 미래에 대해 뉴스 감독들은 이 연구에 대해 지금과 가까운 미래의 두 가지 뚜렷한 시간 프레임을 제안하는 더 비관적이었고, 지역 텔레비전 스포츠는 안전해 보이지만 뉴스 감독들은 그것을 매우 짧은 기간에 묶었습니다. 한 뉴스 디렉터는 이렇게 말했습니다. 지금은 하기 싫지만 앞으로는 할 수 있을 것”이라고 말했다.
Implications
Changes in area athletics might be a mirrored image on the great upheaval taking place during broadcast information. In case the sports sector is now not Protected, How about other news features? CBS Group Information Vice President Joel Cheatwood (Trigoboff, 2002) claimed, “[All of this] forces us to reexamine the [information] model.”
On a more speedy degree, changes from the nearby athletics sector directly have an impact on A large number of aspiring sportscasters. Stations which have been lowering their determination to sports also are decreasing their athletics workforce concentrations, which impacts the job market place. Another news director claimed, "[Sporting activities on newscasts] is dying." “We went from two complete-time sportsmen to 1 comprehensive-time, 1 in command of the information three days every week, and it absolutely was a struggle to stay there.”
Equally crucial, improvements in the way sports are offered are forcing athletics broadcasters to know new methods. No more can sportscasters center on scoring. They may have to make the presentation much more participating for regular 스포츠중계 enthusiasts. This is certainly also vital for journalism schools across the country, which have to document what stations want inside the sports activities sector and update their education curricula.
Will these alterations operate or persist? Athletics journalist Chuck Finder (2002) commented about the transform in KDKA, “Permit’s reserve ultimate judgment right up until September, if the Steelers, higher education, and high school football seasons start in earnest. Then the station will probably be . There's an mistake in clock administration.”